LTM4628
APPLICATIONS INFORMATION
K D =
V D = T(KELVIN) ? K D ? ln D
temperature relationship that makes diodes suitable
temperature sensors. The I S term in the equation above
is the extrapolated current through a diode junction when
the diode has zero volts across the terminals. The I S term
varies from process to process, varies with temperature,
and by definition must always be less than I D . Combining
all of the constants into one term:
η ?k
q
where K D = 8.62 ?5 , and knowing ln(I D /I S ) is always posi-
tive because I D is always greater than I S , leaves us with
the equation that:
I
I S
whereV D appearstoincreasewithtemperature.Itiscom-
mon knowledge that a silicon diode biased with a current
source has an approximate –2mV/°C temperature rela-
tionship (Figure 8), which is at odds with the equation. In
fact, the I S term increases with temperature, reducing the
ln(I D /I S ) absolute value yielding an approximate –2mV/°C
composite diode voltage slope.
It is important that the bias current source be accurate and
powered from a high impedance source. This is because
the forward voltage drop is also a function of the current
through the diode.
The below equations show that when currents are a de-
cade apart the V D difference is 60mV; therefore the 10μA
current source error will affect the diode forward voltage
at temperature.
kT/q = 26mV
V D1 – V D2 = kT/q ln(I D1 )/(I D2 )
where V D1 – V D2 is the difference in the diode forward
voltage with the I D1 and I D2 current difference.
Several 1N4148 diodes were tested with 100μA of current
and Figure 9 shows the results. The 100μA current source
provided the best repeatability for each diode.
The tested diodes are very close to –2.2mV/°C to –2.4mV/°C
slope while each are biased with 100μA through a 120k
pull-up resistor to 12V. The Figure 9 graph can be used
to calibrate and measure LTM4628 internal temperature
by measuring the diode V D value.
1.4
1.2
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
I D = 10μA
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
–273
–173
–73
27 127
227
0
–100
–50
0
50 100
150
200
TEMPERATURE (°C)
4628 F08
TEMPERATURE (°C)
4628 F09
Figure 8. Silicon Diode Voltage V D vs Temperature
Figure 9. The 1N4148 Diode Voltage V D vs Temperature
4628fe
For more information www.linear.com/LTM4628
19
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